Ben Shoemate's Notebook

Fonts on the web are essentially vector based graphics. That’s why you can display them at 12px or 120px and they remain crisp and relatively sharp-edged. Vector means that their shape is determined by points and mathematics to describe the shape, rather than actual pixel data. Because they are vector, it would make sense if we could do things that other vector programs (e.g. Adobe Illustrator) can do with vector text, like draw a stroke around the individual characters. Well, we can! At least in WebKit. Example:

h1 {
   -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px;
   -webkit-text-stroke-color: black;
}

Or shorthand:

h1 {
   -webkit-text-stroke: 1px black;
}

Right away, I’m sure you are thinking: “Cool, but only WebKit supports, this, so if I set my text color to white and my background is white, the stroke makes it look cool in WebKit but disappears in other browsers!”

WebKit has your back on that one, you can set the text color with another proprietary property, so you’re safe for all browsers:

h1 {
   color: black;
   -webkit-text-fill-color: white; /* Will override color (regardless of order) */
   -webkit-text-stroke-width: 1px;
   -webkit-text-stroke-color: black;
}

Shown here with @font-face font Anime Ace 2 by Nate Piekos:

Properly stroked!

Fallback to solid color. Shown here in Firefox

Simulation

We can take this a bit further by not relying on the WebKit proprietary entirely. We can use the text-shadow property (supported in Firefox, Opera, and IE 9 as well) and simulate a stroke. We’ll use four shadows, each 1px offset of black with no spread, one each to the top right, top left, bottom left, and bottom right. We’ll use remove the WebKit propreitary -webkit-text-fill-color in favor of color since we’re cross-browser compatible now. The only holdout would be IE8 and down, which of course you can use IE specific stylesheets to account for.

h1 {
  color: white;
  text-shadow:
   -1px -1px 0 #000,
    1px -1px 0 #000,
    -1px 1px 0 #000,
     1px 1px 0 #000;
}

This is a stroke using all text-shadow. Pretty close to just as good as a real stroke. The primary issue is that you can only get 1px of stroke this way. Any more, and you see gaps. Any more with WebKit text stroke and there is issues too though, so it’s kind of a horse apiece.

Combining

Using both a stroke and a shadow can be a great effect. Let’s toss on a WebKit stroke, the all-around text-shadow stroke, as well as a deeper text-shadow stroke.

h1 {
   -webkit-text-stroke: 1px black;
   color: white;
   text-shadow:
       3px 3px 0 #000,
     -1px -1px 0 #000,
      1px -1px 0 #000,
      -1px 1px 0 #000,
       1px 1px 0 #000;
}

Lookin’ good

Alignment

If you are familiar with Adobe Illustrator, you may know that you can align a stroke on the inside of a shape, outside, or centered. That option looks like this in the palette:

From left to right: center, inside, outside

For reasons unbeknownst to me, text in Illustrator can only be set to center stroke alignment as well. Once you expand the text into regular vector paths though, all three options become available. Reminder from Sam Frysteen: add a new stroke in the appearance panel and move it below your text (basically mimics outside stroke alignment).

From top to bottom: inside, centered, outside.

Only outside text stroke alignment looks any good at all to me. It’s unfortunate, both for CSS and for Illustrator, that the unchangeable default is centered. The solution is just not to go too crazy with the thickness of your stroke border and things should be OK. Note: the text-shadow-only solution doesn’t have this problem, but also is unable to stroke any more than 1px.

What we can’t do

There are other things that vector based graphics programs can do with text. You can squish the letter horizontally / stretch them vertically. This type of text treatment is almost universally frowned upon, so no big loss that we can’t do that. You can also set type on an irregular line (like around a circle). It certainly would be cool to do this with web text. Perhaps we could set text to follow the border path of its parent element.

p.circular {
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  border-radius: 100px;

  /* NOT REAL */
  text-align: border-path;
}

In Illustrator, we can also tell a stroke how to handle sharp corners: rounded, beveled, or mitered. These can have nice effects, are not possible on the web. However, the WebKit handling of corners is pretty nice at its default (whatever it is), and arguably nicer than any of the options in Illustrator.

Fancies

For the record, you can use any type of color value for the color of WebKit stroke (hex, rgba, hsla, keyword). That means transparent strokes if you want them, which indeed to “stack” in that if strokes overlap each other (common) they will be darker.

As far as WebKit keyframe animation, the stroke color will animate but the stroke width will not.

/* Only the color will change, not the width */
@-webkit-keyframes colorchange {
	0% {
		-webkit-text-stroke: 10px red;
	}
	100% {
		-webkit-text-stroke: 20px green;
	}
}

Demo & Download

View Demo   Download Files

Thanks

Thanks to Hendra Susanto and Cory Simmons for sending in ideas and demos.

Oh, <textarea>’s. How many quirks you posses. Here is a collection of nine things you might want to do related to textareas. Enjoy.

1. Image as textarea background, disappears when text is entered.

You can add a background-image to a textarea like you can any other element. In this case, the image is a friendly reminder to be nice =). If you add a background image, for whatever reason, it can break the browser default styling of the textarea. The default 1px solid bolder is replaced with a thicker beveled border. To restore the browser default, you can just force the border back to normal.

textarea {
  background: url(images/benice.png) center center no-repeat; /* This ruins default border */
  border: 1px solid #888;
}

That background image might interfere with the readability of the text once the text reaches that far. Here is some jQuery that will remove the background when the textarea is in focus, and put it back if the textarea is left without any text inside.

$('textarea')
  .focus(function() { $(this).css("background", "none") })
  .blur(function() { if ($(this)[0].value == '') { $(this).css("background", "url(images/benice.png) center center no-repeat") } });

2. HTML5 placeholder text

There is a new attribute as part of HTML5 forms called placeholder. It shows faded gray text in the textarea (also works for text-style inputs) which disappears when the textarea is in focus or has any value.

<textarea placeholder="Remember, be nice!" cols="30" rows="5"></textarea>

HTML5 placeholder text works in Safari 5, Mobile Safari, Chrome 6, and the Firefox 4 alpha.

3. Placeholder text, HTML5 with jQuery fallback

We can easily test if a particular element supports a particular attribute by testing with JavaScript:

function elementSupportsAttribute(element, attribute) {
  var test = document.createElement(element);
  if (attribute in test) {
    return true;
  } else {
    return false;
  }
};

Then we can write code so that if the browser does support the placeholder attribute, we’ll use that, if not, we’ll mimic the behavior with jQuery:

if (!elementSupportsAttribute('textarea', 'placeholder')) {
  // Fallback for browsers that don't support HTML5 placeholder attribute
  $("#example-three")
    .data("originalText", $("#example-three").text())
    .css("color", "#999")
    .focus(function() {
        var $el = $(this);
        if (this.value == $el.data("originalText")) {
          this.value = "";
        }
    })
    .blur(function() {
      if (this.value == "") {
          this.value = $(this).data("originalText");
      }
    });
} else {
  // Browser does support HTML5 placeholder attribute, so use it.
  $("#example-three")
    .attr("placeholder", $("#example-three").text())
    .text("");
}

4. Remove the blue glow

All WebKit browsers, Firefox 3.6, and Opera 10 all put a glowing blue border around textareas when they are in focus. You can remove it from the WebKit browsers like this:

textarea {
  outline: none;
}

You could apply it to the :focus style as well, but it works either way. I have not yet found a way to remove it from either Firefox or Opera, but -moz-outline-style was about as far as I tested.

REMINDER: The blue glow is becoming a strong standard and breaking that standard is typically a bad thing for your users. If you do it, you should have a darn compelling reason to as well as a similarly strong :focus style.

5. Remove resize handle

WebKit browsers attached a little UI element to the bottom right of text areas that users can use to click-and-drag to resize a textarea. If for whatever reason you want to remove that, CSS is all it takes:

textarea {
  resize: none;
}

6. Add resize handle

jQuery UI has a resizeable interaction that can be used on textareas. It works in all browsers and overrides the WebKit native version, because this version has all kinds of fancy stuff (like callbacks and animation).

To use it, load jQuery and jQuery UI on your page and at its most basic level you call it like this:

$("textarea").resizable();

7. Auto-resize to fit content

James Padolsey has a super nice jQuery script for auto resizing textareas. It works just how you likely hope it does. The textarea starts out a normal reasonable size. As you type more and more content, the textarea expands to include all of that text, rather than triggering a scrollbar as is the default.

The plugin has a variety of options, but at its simplest you just load jQuery, the plugin file, and call it like this:

$('textarea').autoResize();

8. Nowrap

To prevent text from wrapping normally in CSS, you use #whatever { white-space: nowrap; }. But for whatever reason, that doesn’t work with textareas. If you want to be able to type into textareas and would rather lines do not break until you press return/enter (a horizontal scrollbar is triggered instead), you’ll have to use the wrap="off" attribute.

<textarea wrap="off" cols="30" rows="5"></textarea>

9. Remove default scrollbars in Internet Explorer

IE puts a vertical scrollbar by default on all textareas. You can hid it with overflow: hidden, but then you don’t get any scrollbars at all when you expand. Thankfully auto overflow works to remove the scrollbar but still put them back when needed.

textarea {
  overflow: auto;
}

 

All the above examples can be seen here.