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Archive for October, 2010

Google pulls an Asimov, announces self-driving cars smart enough to take on traffic

09 Oct

Knight Rider“So we have developed technology for cars that can drive themselves,” Google engineer Sebastian Thrun nonchalantly announced on the company’s blog earlier this afternoon.

Thrun, who is the director of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and co-inventor of Google’s Street View service, said that the company’s goal is to prevent traffic accidents, give people more free time, and reduce carbon emissions by changing the way people use their cars.

Google CEO Eric Schmidt said last week at the TechCrunch 50 conference in San Francisco that he believed self-driving cars would eventually do a better job of driving than people. While some may have considered his vision to be a far off work of science fiction, today’s announcement proves that self-driving technology is already here — and apparently it works very well.

The automated cars — which are manned by trained operators — have covered over 140,000 miles so far with occasional human control, the New York Times reports. Seven cars have driven 1,000 miles without any human intervention at all. They’ve traveled from Google’s Mountain View offices to its Santa Monica location and on to Hollywood Boulevard. “They’ve driven down Lombard Street, crossed the Golden Gate bridge, navigated the Pacific Coast Highway, and even made it all the way around Lake Tahoe,” Thrun writes.

The cars use radar sensors, video cameras, and a laser range finder which helps them detect other traffic. They also take advantage of detailed maps, which are collected by Google’s manually driven vehicles. The company is working with engineers who’ve taken part in the DARPA Challenges — autonomous vehicle races put together by the U.S. government. Thrun himself led the Stanford team to win the 2005 Darpa Challenge with their Stanley automated car.

Thrun believes that Google’s automated cars could potentially cut the 1.2 million lives lost every in road accidents (according to the World Health Organization) in half. He’s confident that the cars will reduce car usage, change the shape of car sharing, and create new “highway trains of tomorrow.” “These highway trains should cut energy consumption while also increasing the number of people that can be transported on our major roads,” he wrote.

The project is certainly a major new step into robotics for Google, although the company doesn’t yet know how it will create a business from the automated cars. Google may be able to sell its information and navigation services to autonomous vehicle makers, or it might sell or give away the navigation technology itself, according to the New York Times.

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Cool Evolution Trick: Platinum Turns Baby Snails Into Slugs

08 Oct

Marisa cornuarietis snail

Evolution doesn’t have to operate at a snail’s pace, even for snails. In experiments designed to simulate the evolutionary transition that produced slugs, researchers exposed baby snails to the metal platinum, causing the animals to develop without external shells. The research illustrates how a big leap on the evolutionary path of animal body plans might have occurred. It also reopens a can of worms concerning the development and evolution of an entire class of shelled creatures.

sciencenewsScientists reared Marisa snails, best known for cleaning up algae and other debris in home aquariums, in petri dishes containing varying concentrations of platinum. At certain exposures, all of the roughly 80 percent of snails that survived were shell-less, Heinz Köhler of the University of Tübingen in Germany and his colleagues report in the September-October Evolution & Development. The researchers posit that the platinum is causing effects similar to the genetic mutation that turned off shell production in some snails, paving the way for their slug descendants.

“This shows that you can get really dramatic changes that could be similar to the genetic mutations that drive evolution, without worrying about doing everything in small incremental steps,” says comparative physiologist Roger Croll of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia. “This is a very concrete demonstration, a very clear demonstration of a large-scale change in body plan. All of a sudden you get shell-less animals.”

Evidence suggests that transitions from snails to slugs — or rather, from having a concrete outer shell to a greatly reduced internal one — have happened numerous times in evolution. Such losses or gains occurred repeatedly within the Mollusca, an enormous group that includes clams, oysters, squid, octopuses and of course the gastropods —snails and slugs. The internal flat bone of cuttlefish and squid, for example, is thought to be a pared-down version of an ancestral outer molluscan shell. And the shell game continued within the gastropods. Within the marine gastropods known as sea butterflies and sea hares, for example, there are both shelled and shell-less species.

Though the new study shows that shell loss in gastropods can happen in one fell swoop, it also suggests that another evolutionary transition might have required several steps to complete. Torsion is an anatomical hallmark of the gastropods that makes them look like their bottom halves were rotated 180 degrees relative to their top halves, putting their anuses over their heads. The term torsion also refers to the hypothetical evolutionary process that purportedly led to this awkward anatomy, says evolutionary biologist Louise Page of the University of Victoria in British Columbia.

The new research suggests that torsion might not have occurred in one grand swivel. In many gastropods the anus, gills and mantle cavity are rotated 180 degrees. But in some there is partial rotation. And in the snails that Köhler and his colleagues exposed to platinum there was partial rotation as well: The anus swiveled but the gills and mantle were left in their original positions. This suggests that the gastropod body plan could have arisen through physiological means other than torsion, such as asymmetrical growth, where one half of the body atrophied and the other blossomed.

“This paper helps people to think about the fact that these anatomical positions are not necessarily coupled together,” says Page. “It really demonstrates that development is modular, that you can have quite drastic modifications of the development of one component of the body plan but not others.”

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Image: Goethe University

 
 

A computer learns the hard way: By reading the Internet [Artificial Intelligence]

08 Oct
At Carnegie-Mellon university, a massive computer system called NELL (Never Ending Language Learner) is systematically reading the internet and analyzing sentences for semantic categories and facts, teaching itself English and educating itself in human affairs. We spoke to NELL's creators. More »
 
 

Extreme black holes billions of years ago overheated the universe [Mad Astrophysics]

08 Oct
Global warming really isn't just a local problem...universal warming ran through the universe 11 billion years ago, doubling the temperature of intergalactic helium. The cosmic temperature spike was so bad, it stopped galaxies from developing for 500 million years. More »
 
 

Solar System’s Deepest Canyon Sinks Miles Into Mars

08 Oct

Mars Valles Marineris rift valley

On the Martian surface, the mountains are high and the canyons are low. Really, really low.

Not only is the martian volcano Olympus Mons the highest peak in the solar system, Melas Chasma, the canyon pictured above, is the deepest in the solar system. In this image from the European Space Agency’s Mars Express orbiter, the valley on the left (darker area) sits a whopping 5.6 miles below the plateau on the right (lighter area).

Compared to the average shape of Mars, known as the “aeroid,” the canyon floor sinks down about 3.1 miles. Planetary scientists would love to use sea level measurements to describe Martian surface features, but there’s no ocean on the red planet anymore and any signs of an ocean are long since warped by millions of years of surface deformation.

The photo above covers about 7,700 square miles, or about the size of New Jersey, which makes it only a tiny postage stamp of Mars’ deepest, longest and most prominent scar — the 2,500-mile-long Valles Marineris rift valley (below).

Valles Marineris rift copyright of JPL

ESA also released the following 3-D rendering of Melas Chasma in addition to the satellite imagery, revealing the valley in all its topographical glory (via Nancy Atkinson at Universe Today).

Melas Chasma 3-D

Images: 1) Melas Chasma – high-resolution image, ESA/DLR/FU Berlin (G. Neukum), 2) Viking 1 and 2 orbiter image collage of Valles Marineris canyon – high-resolution image. Courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech, 3) Melas Chasma – high-resolution image, ESA/DLR/FU Berlin (G. Neukum),

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Follow us on Twitter @davemosher and @wiredscience, and on Facebook.

 
 

Follow-up: Gapgate

08 Oct

Gap Follow-up

I never expected the Gap logo to be such a lightning bolt of attention. Yes, it's bad and yes it's a popular brand, but to have captured the attention of the whole internet, even reaching meme levels wasn't something I ever expected the grilled chicken of retail brands to achieve. Despite not being the first blog to jump on the news, our traffic tripled to over 115,000 pageviews on Wednesday and doubled to 84,000 yesterday. This is not to brag about traffic, but a factual representation of the mainstream interest this redesign has gotten. The aftermath of the new logo's launch has been both hilarious and painful. Following are the most interesting developments of the last 48 hours.

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Gap Responds
On their Facebook page, Gap posts a status update on Wednesday with the idiocy quoted below. It fuels speculation on whether this was all a hoax to get attention. Because it gets a lot of attention, you have to either think Gap is genius or just smarter than a trash can.

Thanks for everyone's input on the new logo! We've had the same logo for 20+ years, and this is just one of the things we're changing. We know this logo created a lot of buzz and we're thrilled to see passionate debates unfolding! So much so we're asking you to share your designs. We love our version, but we'd like to see other ideas. Stay tuned for details in the next few days on this crowd sourcing project.
— Gap's Facebook status update

On Thursday, there is a little more official confirmation that this redesign actually happened and that someone at Gap was aware of what was going on. Alissa Walker at Co. had a little conversation with Bill Chandler, vice president of corporate communications, who confirms that the logo was designed by New York-based Laird and Partners.

The new logo was designed by Trey Laird and his firm Laird and Partners, who have served as Gap's creative directors for many years, while working closely with Gap of North America president Marka Hansen. While Chandler stresses that Gap stands by the logo they've created, they also want it to signify that the company itself is changing — and that should come with input from consumers.

"I'm not going to comment on specific aspects of the dialogue. But we're thrilled about the energy and passion that customers have shown. We want to collaborate with them."
— Bill Chandler, vice president of corporate communications on Co.

This morning, Friday, on good ol' HuffPo — where important people sometimes go to openly repent — Marka Hansen, President, Gap North America expands on the idiocy above by confirming their commitment to engaging the whole nation in spec work.

From this online dialogue, it's clear that Gap still has a close connection to our customers, so tapping into this energy is right. We've posted a message on the Gap Facebook Page that says we plan to ask people to share their designs with us as well. We welcome the participation we've seen so far.
— Marka Hansen, President, Gap North America on Huffington Post

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Open letters
What is a design debacle without open letters? First, it's Mat Dolphin's, who emerged as the voice of reason on Wednesday by having a post that asked for people to wait and hear about why the logo changed the way it did and that maybe we should live with it before jumping to conclusions. Sorry Mat, things don't work that way. Like glands that make our tongues salivate, humans have a trigger that makes us jump to conclusions. Especially with things that suck. Bryan Byczek has another open letter. Word on the Twitter is that AIGA, the professional association for design, has also sent a letter on behalf of designers but I haven't seen that yet.

Gap Follow-up

One late addition to the open letters comes from Siegel+Gale, whose office happens to be directly across the street from Gap Inc.'s offices. The message, intended for Patrick Robinson, Gap's executive vice president of global design, is a timely new business pitch. Get 'em while they are hot, I say.

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@GapLogo
Perhaps the funniest and sharpest manifestation of everyone's disappointment came in the form of the sassy yet self-deprecating @GapLogo on Twitter. Well played to whoever is behind it. On Wednesday, @GapLogo and @UCllc had a little têtê-à-têtê.

Gap Follow-up

Alissa Walker, again, at Co. took on the identity (pun!) of the Co. logo and had a heart-to-heart interview with the @GapLogo.

Gap Follow-up

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Logo Alternatives
Then came the inevitable "Design the Gap Logo!!!!" posts that are at times hilarious but more often than not are heart braking because some people actually believe that the logo they put together in five minutes is infinitely better. Hate to break it to some of you but, as bad as the new logo is, some of the stuff submitted without irony or a wink — and I can smell those miles away — are nasty.

First up was ISO50, posting an open call for submissions first thing on Wednesday morning. So far it has received 238 entries. As I mentioned above, some are just embarrassing. Others are actually passable.

Gap Follow-up

In the parody category we have Matt Ipcar, Guillaume Marais. Poking fun at AOL and iTunes respectively.

Gap Follow-up

These I could actually see thrown in into an initial presentation to Gap. By Ryan Lockwood and Trisha Salge.

Gap Follow-up

No comment. No, I take that back. These are painful to watch. The first one, by Soxy Fleming, isn't even in blue, and worse it's just inverted in Photoshop. The second, by Evan Hensleigh, like many, attempted to do a first semester typography exercise of putting a gap in Gap. No.

But there is nothing like actually tapping into the grand coliseum of logo crowdsourcing. 99designs is hosting its own competition offering a reward of $500 to the most popular vote getter. After 920 entries there, it's clear that civilization is doomed.

Gap recently announced a new logo which has received criticism from designers and customers all over the world. We think the 99designs community of designers can do much, much better!

The winning design will be decided by community vote and 99designs will present the winning logo to the management of The Gap Inc as a gesture of goodwill. The winning designer will also be featured in the next 99designs newsletter!
— "Brief" at 99designs

Gap Follow-up

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The Gap Meme
Both the Barbarian Group and James Yu quickly cobbled together one-page sites that allow anyone to type in text and get their own Gap logo.

Gap Follow-up

The Barbarian Group's CrapLogoMe, unfortunately down at the moment.

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Gap Follow-up

James Yu's Make Your Own Gap Logo. Hey, Erik Spiekermann likes it!

There is also the Gapify Tumblr by Joseph Ippolito, probably my favorite parody, applying the same design strategy to a number of other popular logos.

Gap Follow-up

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There you have it. That's what has transpired in the last two-plus days. If this was all a PR stunt by Gap, bravo, you got us. Hardy har har. If it wasn't, I think that's an even more frightening thought. It places identity design as a task that requires no real commitment and that it can be toyed with by the client. The crappy new logo can be forgiven in time, but this behavior by Gap shouldn't be. Good luck Gap.

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Superman’s social media nightmare.

08 Oct

Ironically, Lois Lane didn't friend him.

 
 

Escape Pod blasts off with higher rates and more nonfiction content [Podcasting]

07 Oct
One of the most venerable science fiction podcasts is raising its game. For a six-month trial period, Escape Pod will be paying five cents a word for previously unpublished stories, and three cents (with a minimum of $100) for reprints. More »
 
 

Devastating volcanoes wiped out the Neanderthals [Mad Archaeology]

07 Oct
The ultimate fate of the Neanderthals remains a major mystery. We know they went extinct, but why did they die out when our ancestors thrived? New evidence suggests massive, deadly volcanoes killed off the Neanderthals while completely sparing our ancestors. More »
 
 

READ book shelves

07 Oct